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        <h1 id="Docker系列教程24-Docker-Compose网络设置"><a href="#Docker系列教程24-Docker-Compose网络设置" class="headerlink" title="Docker系列教程24-Docker Compose网络设置"></a>Docker系列教程24-Docker Compose网络设置</h1><p>用户1516716</p>
<p>发表于</p>
<p><a href="https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/column/2260" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A周立SpringCloud</a>订阅</p>
<p>238</p>
<h2 id="在这篇文章中："><a href="#在这篇文章中：" class="headerlink" title="在这篇文章中："></a>在这篇文章中：</h2><ul>
<li><a href="javascript:;" target="_blank" rel="noopener">基本概念</a></li>
<li><a href="javascript:;" target="_blank" rel="noopener">更新容器</a></li>
<li><a href="javascript:;" target="_blank" rel="noopener">links</a></li>
<li><a href="javascript:;" target="_blank" rel="noopener">指定自定义网络</a></li>
<li><a href="javascript:;" target="_blank" rel="noopener">配置默认网络</a></li>
<li><a href="javascript:;" target="_blank" rel="noopener">使用已存在的网络</a></li>
</ul>
<p>本节我们来详细探讨Compose的网络设置。本节介绍的网络特性仅适用于Version 2 file format，Version 1 file format不支持该特性。</p>
<h1 id="基本概念"><a href="#基本概念" class="headerlink" title="基本概念"></a>基本概念</h1><p>默认情况下，Compose会为我们的应用创建一个网络，服务的每个容器都会加入该网络中。这样，容器就可被该网络中的其他容器访问，不仅如此，该容器还能以服务名称作为hostname被其他容器访问。</p>
<p>默认情况下，应用程序的网络名称基于Compose的工程名称，而项目名称基于docker-compose.yml所在目录的名称。如需修改工程名称，可使用–project-name标识或COMPOSEPORJECTNAME环境变量。</p>
<p>举个例子，假如一个应用程序在名为myapp的目录中，并且docker-compose.yml如下所示：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">version: &apos;2&apos;</span><br><span class="line">services:</span><br><span class="line">  web:</span><br><span class="line">    build: .</span><br><span class="line">    ports:</span><br><span class="line">      - &quot;8000:8000&quot;</span><br><span class="line">  db:</span><br><span class="line">    image: postgres</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>当我们运行docker-compose up时，将会执行以下几步：</p>
<ul>
<li>创建一个名为myapp_default的网络；</li>
<li>使用web服务的配置创建容器，它以“web”这个名称加入网络myapp_default；</li>
<li>使用db服务的配置创建容器，它以“db”这个名称加入网络myapp_default。</li>
</ul>
<p>容器间可使用服务名称（web或db）作为hostname相互访问。例如，web这个服务可使用 <code>postgres://db:5432</code> 访问db容器。</p>
<h1 id="更新容器"><a href="#更新容器" class="headerlink" title="更新容器"></a>更新容器</h1><p>当服务的配置发生更改时，可使用docker-compose up命令更新配置。</p>
<p>此时，Compose会删除旧容器并创建新容器。新容器会以不同的IP地址加入网络，名称保持不变。任何指向旧容器的连接都会被关闭，容器会重新找到新容器并连接上去。</p>
<h1 id="links"><a href="#links" class="headerlink" title="links"></a>links</h1><p>前文讲过，默认情况下，服务之间可使用服务名称相互访问。links允许我们定义一个别名，从而使用该别名访问其他服务。举个例子：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">version: &apos;2&apos;</span><br><span class="line">services:</span><br><span class="line">  web:</span><br><span class="line">    build: .</span><br><span class="line">    links:</span><br><span class="line">      - &quot;db:database&quot;</span><br><span class="line">  db:</span><br><span class="line">    image: postgres</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这样web服务就可使用db或database作为hostname访问db服务了。</p>
<h1 id="指定自定义网络"><a href="#指定自定义网络" class="headerlink" title="指定自定义网络"></a>指定自定义网络</h1><p>一些场景下，默认的网络配置满足不了我们的需求，此时我们可使用networks命令自定义网络。networks命令允许我们创建更加复杂的网络拓扑并指定自定义网络驱动和选项。不仅如此，我们还可使用networks将服务连接到不是由Compose管理的、外部创建的网络。</p>
<p>如下，我们在其中定义了两个自定义网络。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">version: &apos;2&apos;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">services:</span><br><span class="line">  proxy:</span><br><span class="line">    build: ./proxy</span><br><span class="line">    networks:</span><br><span class="line">      - front</span><br><span class="line">  app:</span><br><span class="line">    build: ./app</span><br><span class="line">    networks:</span><br><span class="line">      - front</span><br><span class="line">      - back</span><br><span class="line">  db:</span><br><span class="line">    image: postgres</span><br><span class="line">    networks:</span><br><span class="line">      - back</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">networks:</span><br><span class="line">  front:</span><br><span class="line">    # Use a custom driver</span><br><span class="line">    driver: custom-driver-1</span><br><span class="line">  back:</span><br><span class="line">    # Use a custom driver which takes special options</span><br><span class="line">    driver: custom-driver-2</span><br><span class="line">    driver_opts:</span><br><span class="line">      foo: &quot;1&quot;</span><br><span class="line">      bar: &quot;2&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中，proxy服务与db服务隔离，两者分别使用自己的网络；app服务可与两者通信。</p>
<p>由本例不难发现，使用networks命令，即可方便实现服务间的网络隔离与连接。</p>
<h1 id="配置默认网络"><a href="#配置默认网络" class="headerlink" title="配置默认网络"></a>配置默认网络</h1><p>除自定义网络外，我们也可为默认网络自定义配置。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">version: &apos;2&apos;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">services:</span><br><span class="line">  web:</span><br><span class="line">    build: .</span><br><span class="line">    ports:</span><br><span class="line">      - &quot;8000:8000&quot;</span><br><span class="line">  db:</span><br><span class="line">    image: postgres</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">networks:</span><br><span class="line">  default:</span><br><span class="line">    # Use a custom driver</span><br><span class="line">    driver: custom-driver-1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这样，就可为该应用指定自定义的网络驱动。</p>
<h1 id="使用已存在的网络"><a href="#使用已存在的网络" class="headerlink" title="使用已存在的网络"></a>使用已存在的网络</h1><p>一些场景下，我们并不需要创建新的网络，而只需加入已存在的网络，此时可使用external选项。示例：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">networks:</span><br><span class="line">  default:</span><br><span class="line">    external:</span><br><span class="line">      name: my-pre-existing-network</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>原文发布于微信公众号 - A周立SpringCloud（gh_e6849e368b5f）</p>
<p>原文发表时间：2018-05-28</p>
<p>本文参与<a href="https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/support-plan" target="_blank" rel="noopener">腾讯云自媒体分享计划</a>，欢迎正在阅读的你也加入，一起分享。</p>
<p>发表于 2018-06-04</p>

      
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